Evaluation of Spatial Filtering Techniques in Retinal Fundus Images
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid,
Mohamed Eltahir Elmanna,
Alnazier Osman Hamza
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
16-21
Received:
24 September 2018
Accepted:
6 October 2018
Published:
27 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajai.20180202.11
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Abstract: The denoising of the fundus images is an essential pre-processing step in glaucoma diagnosis to ensure sufficient quality for the Computer Aided Diagnosing (CAD) system. In this paper, we present an evaluation approach for different denoising filters of eye fundus images that suffer from two different types of noises (Gaussian noise and Salt & Pepper noise), which had been applied to the retinal images and then various Spatial filtering techniques like linear (Gaussian, mean), nonlinear filtering (median) and adaptive filtering have been implemented to three types of images (original images, images with salt and pepper noise and images with Gaussian noise) and their performance are compared to each other based on evaluation parameters: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM). The results showed that the adaptive median filter has the best performance in salt & paper noise and the adaptive filter has the best performance for Gaussian noise, but their performance is close to each other. In conclusion, six spatial filters applied to RIM-ONE fundus image database and found that, the adaptive median filter has the best performance compared to other filters to remove these noises and increase the quality of the resulting images, which can be implemented to the CAD system.
Abstract: The denoising of the fundus images is an essential pre-processing step in glaucoma diagnosis to ensure sufficient quality for the Computer Aided Diagnosing (CAD) system. In this paper, we present an evaluation approach for different denoising filters of eye fundus images that suffer from two different types of noises (Gaussian noise and Salt & Pepp...
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The Effectiveness of Borehole Heat Exchanger Depth on Heat Transfer Rate, Study with Numerical Method Using a CFD 3D Simulation
Ebrahim Mohammed,
Wei Liu,
Waleed Karrar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
22-29
Received:
22 September 2018
Accepted:
10 October 2018
Published:
30 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajai.20180202.12
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Abstract: Excess solar thermal energy is available, while in winter, when thermal energy is needed for heating systems, its quantity is usually not sufficient. There are different options to cope with the seasonal offset of thermal energy supply and demand. One of these options is borehole thermal energy storages (BTES). Borehole thermal energy storages coupled with ground source heat pumps have been widely developed and researched. The major disadvantage of (BTES) is the initial capital cost required to drill the boreholes. Geothermal energy piles were developed to help offset the high initial cost of these systems. This study investigates thermal performance of vertical ground heat exchangers with constant inlet water temperatures and deferent borehole depths. The performances of three models of U-tube with depth of 100m, 60m, and 30m are evaluated by numerical method using a CFD 3D simulation. The simulation results show that heat transfer rates decrease in the heating mode for 100m depth, and show that the best borehole depth regarding to heat transfer rate efficiency is 60m depth borehole. However for heat storage capacity the model of 100m depth is the best. The results show that increasing the depth of borehole heat exchangers lower the heat exchange efficiency with the ground. By comparing with 100 m depth, the heat transfer rates per unit borehole depth lower of 3.1% in 60 m depth. According to all results, it is highly recommended to construct medium depth around 60 m depth of borehole with U-shaped pipe configuration, due to higher efficiency in heat transfer rate.
Abstract: Excess solar thermal energy is available, while in winter, when thermal energy is needed for heating systems, its quantity is usually not sufficient. There are different options to cope with the seasonal offset of thermal energy supply and demand. One of these options is borehole thermal energy storages (BTES). Borehole thermal energy storages coup...
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Reducing Human Effort of the Optical Tracking of Anti-Tank Guided Missile Targets via Embedded Tracking System Design
Bahaaeldin Gamal Abdelaty,
Mohamed Abdallah Soliman,
Ahmed Nasr Ouda
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2018
Pages:
30-35
Received:
23 September 2018
Accepted:
8 October 2018
Published:
7 November 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajai.20180202.13
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Abstract: Human role reduction in the firing process in the physical military systems is the way to improve the overall system performance and achieve the requirement of operation, especially for the anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). In the second-generation ATGM system, the human operator is responsible for following the target until the missile clash the target (Manual Target Tracking). Achieving an acceptable flight trajectory with getting a minimum miss distance, which is a distance between the center of the target and the impact point, is the factor that used to measure the ATGM performance. This paper is dedicated to designing and implementation of an embedded tracking system capable of dealing with the slow-moving objects, which is carried out as a step to reduce the human operator role during the operation, in addition, upgrade the second-generation anti-tank guided missile system to third generation ATGM system (Automatic target tracking). The present work seeks to take benefits of a System on Chip (SoC) technology, including embedded Linux systems, in the real-time computer vision applications. The nonlinear flight simulation model of the intended missile system is presented in a MATLAB environment. The tracking algorithm is described using Python programing language with the aid of OpenCV library and implemented based on embedded Raspberry Pi system (RPI). Hardware-in-Loop experimental test is carried out to evaluate and validate the methodology of the proposed work to achieve the overall system requirement with an acceptable flight trajectory and minimum miss-distance.
Abstract: Human role reduction in the firing process in the physical military systems is the way to improve the overall system performance and achieve the requirement of operation, especially for the anti-tank guided missile (ATGM). In the second-generation ATGM system, the human operator is responsible for following the target until the missile clash the ta...
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